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1. F. DIETERQ METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR ROLLING 0R FORMING CAR WHEELS'OR OTHER CIRCULAR BODIES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 22. 191].

Patented Oct. 21, 1919.

euro

LOUIS F. DIETER, 0F BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

METHOD OF .QJSl'IlJ MEANS FOR ROLLING- bR FORMING CAR-WHEELS GR D'I'HER BODIES.

Continuation of application Serial No. 633,343, filed June 15, 1911. Tni

Serial No.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Louis F; Drn'rnn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented a novel and useful Method of and Means for Rolling or Form-. ing Car-Wheels or other Circular Bodies, of which the following is a specification accompanied by one sheet of drawings.

The features of my invention claimed herein are related to the invention of my original application for patent filed June 15, 1911, Serial No. 633,343, Patent No. 1,243,050.

. his application is a continuation of my said original application, and, for carrying out my invention I prefer to use an apparatus or mill, such for instance as shown and described in my said original application, and the connecting-parts of such an apparatus or mill shown in the accompanying drawings are illustrative of parts of my said original application.

The subject-matter of this invention is partly described in and certain features of the invention herein described, but not herein claimed, are claimed in my following applications, viz: said original application wheel, dislrwheel, or other circular for patent filed June 15, 1911, Serial No. 633,343, Patent No. 1,243,050; application for patent filed October 10, 1916, Serial No. 124,921, Patent No. 1,243,051; application for patent filed November 20, 1916, Serial No. 132,372, Patent No. 1,243,052; application for patent filed November 22, 1916, Serial No. 132,815, Patent No. 1,243,053; and application for patent filed January 10, 1917, Serial No. 141,558, Patent No. 1,246,067.

This invention relates to the manufacture of rolled car wheels, disk-wheels or other circular bodies from properly heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, in an economical, commercial, expeditious and efficacious manner, whereby ,the whole car body rolled and otherwise operated upon in a simple and thoroughly practicable manner, various examples of which are for instance described in my said original application filed June 15, 1911, Serial No. 833,343, Patent No. 1,243,050, and in my application filed October 10, 1918,

may be completely Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 0st, 21, 1919,

application filed June 22, 1917. 176,333. I

Serial N 0. 124,921, Patent N 0. 1,243,051. This invention has particular reference to the method of and device or means for rolling or forming the entire opposite end faces of its hub.

In my said original application 1 have cmcunen referred to several ways-of forming the hub of a work-piece and have more particularly shown and described the rolling or forming of the hub of the work-piece in a manner wherein flanges or shoulders of piercers .or supporting centers may be made use of to form the end faces of the hub and, wherein during the operating process of rolling or forming the hub, metalof the work-piece is forced radially to flow toward and around the piercers or supporting centers by means of the outer end operating parts of the therein and herein-named edging and web rolling rolls, and the lateral outward flow of metal caused by said edging and web rolling rolls is forced partly against said outer end operating parts of said edging and web rolling rolls'and partly against said fiangesor shoulders provided on said piercers or centers and thus the peripheral faces and part of the opposite end faces of the hub of the work-piece are rolled or formed by said edging and web rolling rolls and the remaining parts of the opposite end faces of said hub formed by said edging and web rolling rolls causing said lateral flow of metal to thus roll or form the whole hub to desired form or shape. But, in this application, work-supporting centers, shown and described in my said original application, which have no such flanges or shoulders and the rolling or forming of the peripheral faces of the hub including the rolling or forming of the entire opposite end-faces of the hub of the work-piece is performed directly by said edging and web rolling rolls, this being, for instance, what 1 term in my said original application one of the use is made of such piercers or many other shapes or forms-the herein or process herein described and more par-. I

ticularly pointed out in the claims; and it also consists in the novel means, in the ar rangement thereof, and in the arrangement and combination of parts herein described and more particularly pointed out in the claims. i

I prefer to carry out my invention with an apparatus or mill such as for instance 10 described and claimed in my aforesaid original application and in applications filed by me and having the hereinbefore-mentioned serial'numbers and filing dates.

In the accompanying drawings, in which I illustrate my invention together with devices or means I prefer to employ in carrying out my invention: Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate, according to my invention, certain piercing and rolling or 'forming steps for producing the dished car wheel, for instance shown in Figs. 4; or 12, all as hereinafter described and also partly described in my said original applir cation.

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, for instance, illustrate, on a smaller scale, rolling means and method hereinafter described and which are the same as shown and described in my said original application except that the outer end operating portions of the edging and web rolling rolls herein shown are made longer, and which may be employed in carrying out my invention. p Fig. 9 shows for instance the center or hub portion only of the body of an ingot, bloom, or other work-piece having the form or shape for instance as shown, and in position to be centered or pierced or penetrated and centered according to my invention as 40 described in my said original application.

Fig. 10 shows the center or hub portion of a work-piece about to be centered or pene trated and centered as described in my said original application. Fig. 11 shows, for instance, the center portion of a blank or work-piece provided with a conical hole as shown, the blank or workpiece being shown in position ready to be -centered or pierced or penetrated and centered, according to my method described in my said original application.

In Figs. 12, 13 and 14: are shown for instance diametral sectional views of car wheels rolled or formed in accordance with my invention, the same being shown with the hub bored. In Fig. 12 said car wheel is shown dished. In Fig. 13 said car wheel has its web formed inundished position, that is at right angles with the axis of the wheel, but the hub of this wheel is not formed central to the web but is formed into the position required of a dished wheel, that is the hub is in the same position as is the hub in Fig. 12. In Fig. 14 said car wheel is shown undished.

Lsiami In Fig. 15 is shown in plan view, a portion of a finished car wheel rolled or formed in accordance with my invention.

It i to be understood that I do not intend to limit myself to the use of the particular parts herein shown, nor to the use of the pparatus or mill shown and disclosed in my said original application, as other means may hereafter be devised for carrying out my invention in a practicable manner.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views, and with reference to my said original application:

E, E are the spindles or axles named herein the work-supporting axles which also serve other purposes and which are oppositely-arranged in alinement and spaced apart. Said spindles oraxles E, E are also interchangeable with axles differently shaped or formed. Atone end of each of said axles, that is, at the adjacent ends of said axles are interchangeably or removably fastened thereto the herein named piercers or work-supporting centers, or work-supporting means, for instance E E 800. These iercers, or work-supporting centers, 'or wor -supporting means may also be dif ferently formed to erve other purposes, such for instanceas forming dies, &c. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that said piercers, or supporting means may have or the purposes they may be used for. In the operating processes herein described, piercers or centers Ed, E formed as shown, and also as shown and described inmy said original application, are used; that is, said piercers or centers are each provided adj acent its'piercing or penetrating or centering part c with an extension 6 having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face, thediameters at the adjoining portions of said extension and said piercing or penetrating or centering part being the same or substantially the same.

F, F and F represent the work-piece, from some of the various forms or shapes it may'liave when put into the apparatu or mill to some of the many various forms or shapes the finished or partly finished article or product may have, as more fully described in my said original application.

Said piercing or work-supporting means are located one at each side of the work'- piece, and preferably revolve with the workpiece. During the rolling or operating process, or during the piercing or penetratingor centering process said piercing or worksupporting means are moved longitudinally toward each other or away from each other, or one with the other: or they may be otherwise moved as may be required or desired, and as more fully described in my said original application.

By the words centering, or piercing, or penetrating and centering used herein, I mean that, the ingot, bloom, blank or other workpiece is centered, or pierced, or penetrated and centered in the apparatus or mill, by forcing either one or both said piercers or work-supporting means into or against said work-piece by their pressure means operatively connected therewith, as and in the manner fully shown and described inmy said original application.

M, M are the herein named work-supporting heads which rotatably support said spindles or axles E, E. Said heads M, M are op positely arranged in alinement and spaced apart and are longitudinally movable with their said aides E, E and piercers or centers, for instance E E in line with the axis of the work-piece, by their pressure means operatively connected therewith as for instance described in my said original application.

J, J, are the roll shafts, which are located and movable as herein shown and as more fully shown and described in my said original application and, each of sai shafts J, J has at one of its ends one of the herein named edging and web rolling rolls. Said rolls are either attached to said shafts in such a way that the whole roll may be driven by the shaft, or only part oft-he roll may be driven by the shaft and the other part be permitted to turn loose; or the whole roll may be permitted to turn loose on the journal removably fastened to the shaft, as shown and described in my said original application.

J J &c., (J", J being what I term in .my said original application one of the many other shapes or forms that the hercin named edging and web rollin rolls may have) are, for instance, sets of the said edging and web rolling rolls. These rolls with their shafts J, J are laterally and also axially movable and are interchangeable with other shaped rolls. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that these rolls may have and to the purposes for which they may be used. These rolls, as for instance J J, are connected together by equalizing mechanism in such manner that said rolls may be connected with or be disconnected from said equalizing mechanism without disconnecting said rolls from the cooperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatively connected with said rolls, as for instance described in my said original application, or they may be otherwise arranged if desired.

K is the hereinnamed tread or face rolling roll, or face bealring, or face roughing roll which acts against the peripheral face of the work-piece to roll said face to a beaked or rudimentary form, to partly finished form,

gel to finished form. as and for the purpose hereinafter described and as more fully shown and described in my said original application. This roll s movable toward andagainst and also away from the peripheral face of the workpiece and it is also laterally movable, all as described in my said original application. The peripheral or rolling face of this roll and the whole, roll may have many different shapes or forms, as for instance shown and described in my said original application. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes this tread or face rolling roll may have. i

G, G are the roll shafts which are located and movable as herein shown and as more fully shown and described in my said original application and, which have at their outer or adjacent ends the herein named web finishing rolls.

G G &c., (for other formed web finishingrolls see for instance my said original application) are, for instance, sets of said herein named web finishing rolls. These rolls with their shafts G, G are laterally movable and are also axially adjustable or movable and are interchangeable with other shaped rolls. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that these rolls may have and to purposes for which these herein named web finishing roll'smay be use These rolls, as for instance G G are connected together by equalizing mechanism, in such manner that they may be connected with or be disconnected from said equalizing mechanism, without disconnecting said rolls from the cooperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatively connected with said rolls, as for instance described in my said original application; or they may be otherwise arranged if desired. i v

H is the hereinnamed tread or face finishing roll which acts against the peripheral face of the work-piece. This roll is movable toward and against and also away from the peripheral face of the work-piece. The peripheral or rolling face of this roll and the whole roll may have many different shapes or forms, as for instance shown and described in my said original application. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes this tread or face finishing roll may have.

Said face rolls H and K may also be moved toward and against and also away from the peripheral face of the supported work-piece either together or independently of each other and for this purpose are connected together by equalizing mechanism in such manner that said rolls may be connected with or be disconnected from said equal izing mechanism without disconnecting said rolls from the cooperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatircly connected with said rolls. as for instance shown and described in my said original application, or they may be, otherwise arranged if desired.

In rolling car wheels or similar articles,

as for instance illustrated in the Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive, the lateral thickness-or width of the face roll K is the same as is the lateral thickness or width which the outer or rim portion of the car wheel or similar article is to have when rolled to finish, as shown for instance in Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive. With said roll K so formed and with, for instance, the rollsJ, J in said figures formed as shown and, with the peripheral rolling or operating face of said face roll K formed as shown' and as and for the purpose hereinone side of its axis and with said rolls moved and operated during the rolling or operating process, as and for the purpose hereinafter described and as more fully described in my said original application, the metal in the peripheral face and total rim portion of the work-piece or car wheel is worked continuously during the rollin process upon all its surfaces simultaneous y, and with the roll part, for instance 1' of each of said edging and web rolling rolls formed to roll the entire end faces of the hub,'as will be hereinafter more fully described, a rolling mechanism is provided and a novel method or process is employed, which to my knowledge, together with the results obtained thereby, was never done or accomplished before in rolling car wheels.

In the rolling as for instance illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, said web finishing rolls,

for instance G G are both positively driven side rolls and are oppositely located, one at each side of the work-piece as shown,

and their shafts G, G are inclined to the sides of the work-piece. These web finishing rolls, during the rolling process, may operate against the web and inner rim part of the work-piece or wheel or other article,

either together or independently of each other, and they are moved either together or independently of each other toward or against or away from the work-piece or wheel or other article, as the case may require, by the pressure mechanism shown and described in my said original application, or by any other equivalent means. In the rolling for instance illustrated in said'Figs. l, 2, 3 and 4, said web finishing rolls are preferably formed for instance as G G that is, the roll part g of each of said rolls G G is the herein-named web finishing roll part, operating as shown in Fig. 4 on the web and inner rim part of the wheel or other article; and, the roll part 9 of each of said rolls G Gr in the process illustrated in said figures is not operating against the work-piece, but in most cases is permitted to come in contact with orto press against the instance illustrated located, one at each side of the work-piece,

as shown, and, when in normal position, their shafts J, J may either be parallel or inclined to the sides of the work-piece, and

during the rolling process said rolls J, J

may operate alternately against the entire end and peripheral faces of the hub and adjacent web part, the web part, and the inner rim and adjacent web part, and also upon the edges of the rim of the work-piece or wheel or other article, either together or independently of each other, and they may be moved laterally toward and against the work-piece or away from it, or with the same, either together or independently of each other by the pressure means operatively connected therewith, as described in my said original a plication, or by any other suitable means. gaid shafts J, J may also be moved longitudinally in either direction, between the center or hub part and the rim part or periphery of the work-piece or wheel, or other article, forward or backward, or forward and backward as often as desired, such as the case may require, by the pressure means and shifting devices described in my said original application, or by any other suitable means. Said edging and web rolling rolls are formed so that during the rolling or operating process they come in contact with or are against the opposite sides of the tread or face rolling roll K and thereby also form with said roll K a stop for their lateral movement against the workpiece and therebyalso assist in turning or driving said face roll K'by frictional contact therewith, or, said lateral movements of said edging and web rolling rolls may be limited by any other suitable means, such as for instance described in my said original application.

In the rolling as for instance illustrated in the Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive, said edging and web rolling rolls are preferably formed as J J that is, the peripheral or operating faces of the roll parts 7', 7' vof said rolls J, J 69 are formed substantially straight as shown and, are the parts which hub and are rolling or operating, as shown, against the opposite end faces of the hub of the work-piece during the rolling or forming process of the hub and, the parts j, 7' of said rolls J J are the web reducing roll parts which may however have any other desired forms or shapes than herein shown, operating as shown alternately against the adjacent web'part, web part, and mm and adjacent web part of the workpiece, wheel or other article; that is, said web reducing'roll'parts j, j of said rolls J J with their outer rolling or operating portions, are-operating upon the web and the hub parts and form or shape the hub parts as shown and as hereinafter describedwith reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and, with their.

inner rolling or operating portions are operating on the web part and the inner peripheral face or faces of the rim of the workpiece and roll said facesor inner rim portion sufiiciently inclined toward the periphery of the work-piece, as andfor the purpose hereinafter described scribed in The parts 7', j of-said r0llsJ, are the. edging roll parts, rolling'or operating as shown upon the edges or opposite. sides of the marginal or portion ofthe'workpiece, wheel or other article and, the peripheral or operating faces of these roll .parts 7', j are formed substantially straight as shown and also limit the lateral flow of the metal in thework-piece between the roll parts of said rolls J, J and the periphery of the work-piece; Said roll parts 5?", 3', during the rolling process herein shown, come .in contact with or against the opposite sides of the tread or face roll K, as shown; or such rolls may not have such web reducing roll parts 5 but be for instance wholly formed conical as, for instance described in my said original application.

As fully shown and described in my said original application, I form 'the inner roll: ing or operating portion of the web reducing part j of each of said edging and web rolling rolls sufiiciently conical so that the face of said conically formed portion is sufficiently inclined from its lateral apex toward the inner end' of its-roll; that is to say, so that when for instance, the web reducing parts 9' 7'. of said rolls J J are against the finished web, the said face of said inner .conically formed portion of each of said rollparts 7' j is sufficiently inclined from the side of the web outwardly in the direction away from the axis ofthe work-piece, as for instance in Figs. 2 and 3 and as more fully shown and described in my said original application. Said inner inclination of each of said web reducing parts 7', 7' I therefore form sufliciently large enough so as to ro1l the inner peripheral faces of the rim portion Suflicientlv ina'ndgmtre fully de-" my said original application.

assure compression of the metal in said rim portion to uniform or to density, as is'distinctly matically illustrated in my said original application, wherein is also diagrammatically illustrated and distinctly shown the result of the rolling orforming ofthe rim of a car wheel rolledor formed as and in the manner herein described and, in my practically uniform said-original application is also distinctly shown what is meant by the herein used words sufiiciently conical inclined. The pressures from said sufiieiently inclined inner faces of said roll parts 7', 9' applied against the inner peripheral faces of the rim portion, as shownfor 1n-' stance in Figs. 2 and 3 shown and described in application, during the rolling or forming of said rim portion have rolled said inner peripheral faces of the so rudimentarily .andjmorefully my said original formed rim portion sufiiciently inclined, as

shown in Fig. 3 and as distinctly shown and described in my said original application, which has caused the metal during said rolling or forming-of the rim portion to flow the proper directions to compressed to uniform or to practically uniform density, while at the same time the pressures against the lateral or opposite sides the edging roll parts 7', 5 of said rolls J, J have caused the metal to flow into the inner region of the rim and'have rolled the rim to desired lateral thickness. At the same time the pressure against the peripheral fine of the rim portion from the face bea'king or face roughing roll K having its rolling face K forinedasshown, has caused the metal to fiow also into the inner region of the rim and has rolled said peripheral face to the heaked or rudimentary form as shown and diagram of the rim from shown in Fig. 3, thereby having rolled said metal in the rim and adjacent web portion simultaneously on all its surfaces by rolls situated in a plane passing laterally through said rim and. web portions and therewith having compressed said metal simultaneouslyonall its surfaces to uniform density. or practically so. while at the same time said rim portion has been rolled to said rudimenh r condensed as and in the mann r hnroinoffpr rbcnrilnar] mil-1n Jam... 1.. 1.1: l.

Inn

4 and more fully shownand described in my said original application or inany other suitable manner. During the finishing rolling process with the rolls G G and H shown in Fig. 4.- and operating against the rim portion at another point thereof, the

Web finishing rolls G, G with their finishin contact with the: opposite sides of the a rim at another'point thereof and are limiting the lateral flow of metal and maintaining the lateral thickness in the rim to which the same has been rolled during the rolling process described with reference to Fig. 3; the

combined actions of said rolls J 3 G,

G and H during said finishing rolling process roll or form the rim and adjacent web portion to the finished form shown in Fig. l and more fully shown and described in mysaid original application wherein it is also distinctly shown and diagrammatically illustrated that in this process of rolling, as for instance illustrated in the Figs. 1, 2, 3'

- and l, the metal in the whole rim portion except the metal forming the tread, flange and root of the flange may he rolled or worked'to uniform orpractically uniform density and to a greater degree. of density than the metal in the hub and web portions and, said metal forming the tread, flange and root of the flange where the strength and resistance to wear is mostly needed is rolled or worked tostill greater or to its maximum degree of density. It is, of course, to he understood that in order to produce said results, the rim portion must he rolled first, for instance, to the rudimentary form shown in Fig; 3 as and in the manner above described before the same is rolled to the finished form shown in Fig. l, and that the rolling of said inclined inner peripheral faces of the rim and the rolling of said beaked peripheral face to their finished forms duringthe finishing rolling process will not disturb the density of the metal to which it has been compressed during the.

process described with reference'to-Fig. 3,

but will compress themetal the tread, flange and root of the flange where the strength and resistance to wear is mostly needed to still 'greaterdensity, all of which is .more fully shown and descrifhed inmy 4 said original application.

.The piercing, or penetrating;

ing with the said piercers'orwork-sirpporting centers E E -herein shown, and also the dishing, undishing and redishingjof the the hub of the car wheel or other circular for instance shown and described in my said rolls 3, J are. either in contact with inafter described with reference to Figs. l

and 2 and more fully shown and described in my said other applications.

In the Figs. 1 and 2, l have for instance illustrated in brief, piercing or penetrating or centering process or steps and the method for rolling or forming the entire center or hub portion of a car wheel or other circular body including the rolling or forming of the entire opposite end faces of the hub with rolls such as I prefer to employ. in carrying out the process illustrated in said Figs. 1 to l in clusive. In Fig. l, the properly heated blank or work-piece F, shown in diametral section, may have a thickness which is either the same or greater than the length which body is to have when rolled to finish, or it may have a thickness which is for instance the same, or greater, or less than the lateral thiclmess or width which the marginal or rim portion of the car wheel is to have when finished. The work-piece F shown in Fig. 1 has been brought into the position shown by a-positioning or raising, lowering and retaining device, such for instance as shown anddescrihed in my said original applica- 1'00 tion, and in which position the outer portion or periphery of the work-piece is coaxial or approximately so with the piercers of worksupporting centers E E and in which position the work-piece F is then pierced or centered with said piercers or centers E E and their extent of piercing or penetrating into the opposite sides of the Work-piece is limited or regulated as and in the manner original application'and, operated on with the harem named edging and web rolling .rolls for instance 5, 3 which, while rotating the workpiece,- are forced or rolled against and into the opposite sides of thework-piece and are rollingorforming the huh and during-this process of forming the hat, the ends of the parts 5 of said,

peripheral faces of said 'piercers or centers 1 E E}, as for instance shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or come against said peripheral faces of 'sa'id'piercers or centersE E during the hub forming process asfor instancelierein de scribed with reference to Figs. land 2; thus the hub is rolled finished to the formshown for instance in Fig. 2 including the piercing or penetrating or centering of the workpiece and the hub rolled onformedsmooth by rolling with saidrolls J QIfFall itsleo surfaces and to desired form or shape without leaving a raised undesirable circular portion or fin which would have to be removed afterward by turning or other costly means.

In Fig. 2, the work-piece F shown in Fig.1, is shown pierced by the piercing or penetrating parts 6 e of said piercers or centers E E and rolled with said rolls J Said piercing or penetrating or centering suitable means, are moved or forced against may be done either before or during said process of rolling the hub portion, and saidpositioning or raising, lowering and retaining device described in my said original application is moved away from the work-piece either after or duringthe piercing or centering process.

' In the Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, I have for instance illustrated in brief, rolling or forming process or steps such as I prefer to employ for completely rolling or forming and dishing the car wheel shown at F in Fig. 4, including the rolling of the entire opposite end faces of the hub and also the piercing or penetrating and centering of the properly heated work-piece. In Fig. 1, the'properly heated. blank or work-piece F shown in diametral section may have, as before stated, a

thickness which is either the same or greater than the length which the hub of the car wheel is to have when rolled to finish, or it may have a thickness which is, for instance the same, or greater, or less, than the lateral thickness or width which the marginal or rim portion of the car wheel is to have when rolled finished. Fig. 1 shows said workpiece F brought into the position shown by said positioning, or raising, lowering and retaining device, and in this position the outer portion or periphery of the workpiece is coaxial, or approximately so, with the piercers or work-supporting centers E E In this case said piercers or centers are formed as shown and the lengths of their penetrating'p'ortions 6 e are made to suit the location of the web portion of the car wheel, as shown; that is, the web portion of the wheelin this case will be formed in the center of the length of the hub of the wheel and said penetrating portions of said piercers or centers E, E will both have the same length, which may reach to or near the center of the thickness of the finished Web adjacent the hub portion of the wheel, as shown. In this position of the work-piece, said piercers or centers E E by their pressure means operatively connected therewith as for instance shown and described in my said original application or by any other the opposite sides of the work-piece and, the piercing or penetrating and centeringand the rolling or forming ofthe work-piece. in

cluding the rolling or forming of its hub portion to the form shown in Fig. 2, will begin and be performed in the following manner:During said piercing or centering process, said. piercers or centers E E are moved axially from their positions against the work-piece shown in Fig. 1 into the positions thereof shown in Fig. 2, in which latter positions the axial movements of said piercers or centers E, E are automatically stopped and are rotatably retained in said positions during the rolling or operating process illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3,-and, during said piercing or centering process the piercing or penetrating or centering parts 6 e of said piercers or centers E, E have been forced into the opposite sides of the work-piece to the extent or depths shown in Fig. 2 while said depths have been limited or regulated as and in the manner for instance shown and described in nal application, and thus the work-piece is rotatably supported at its center or hub portion by bothsaid piercers or centers E E While so rotatably supported the work-piece may also be automatically and firmly clamped between said piercers or centers E my said origi- E, as and for. the purpose described in my said original application. The work-piece is so retained .in said clamped condition during the entire rolling or operating and dishing processes until it is rolled and dished to finished form or is rolled to undished form and ready to be removel. The oppositely arranged edging and web'rolling rolls J J shown at one side of the axis of the supported work-piece, in this case are both simultane. ously moved equal distances laterally during the hub forming-process; for instance from their positions in contact with the peripheral faces of the extensions 6 e of said piercers or centers E E as shown in Fig. 1, to the positions thereof shown in ig. 2, if the thickness of'the work-piece is for instance nearly the same or is greater than the length which the hub of the car' wheel is to have when rolled to finish, or in case that the thickness of the work-piece is for instance the same, or greater, or less,

than the lateral thickness or width which the marginal or rim portion of the work-piece is to have when finished, the rolling with said rolls J J 69 may be commenced at a position somewhat away from said piercers oncenters E, E that is to say, the outer end faces of the roll parts j, 3' of said rolls J, J 69 are 'a suitable distance away from the peripheral faces of said piercers or centers E E and from there said rolls J J are forced laterally into the opposite sides of the su'pported work-piece and are shifted or moved longitudinally toward said piercers or centers to force metal of the work-piece toward and around said piercers toform the hub until the outer and faces nf will wfll Ma-a A43 :43

of said rolls J, J are in contact with the peripheral faces of said piercers or centers E E as shown in Fig. 2. During this hub. rolling 01" forming process, the outer operating portions of the roll parts 9', 7' and the. roll parts 3', 9' of said rolls J J 69 are also rolling and limiting the flow of metal in' said hub portion, which metal durin said hub forming process is forced radially toward and against and around said piercers or centers E E and laterally outward and which flow of metal is limited by said roll parts 9', j -and 7' j of said rolls J, J and thus form said hub portion, while the face beaking or face roughing roll K may begin to act against the peripheral face of the work-piece as shown in Fig. 2. By this rolling or forming process of said hub the workpiece is rolled or formed from the form shown in Fig. l, to the form thereof shown in Fig; 2, and when the hub is thus formed or during said hub forming process, said rolls'd J are in contact with the peripheral faces of said piercers or centers E E and, the edging roll portions 9', 3' of said rolls J J are then in contact with or against the opposite sides of the face roll K, as shown, and are limiting the lateral flow of the metal in the portion of the work-piece between the roll parts j, 9' of said rolls J, J and the periphery of the work-piece during the further rolling or operating process against the worlrpiece and thus the work-piece F is rolled, including said piercing and rolling or forming of its hub portion, from the form shown in Fig. l to the form 'shown'in Fig. 2. It is to be understood that said piercing or centering of the workpiece may be done either before or during the" said hub rolling process, and that said positioning, or raising, lowering and retaining device, hereinbefore mentioned, may be moved away from the work-piece either after or during said piercing or centering process.

Fig. 2 shows said work-piece F pierced or centered and rotatably supported and so rolled to the form shown with its hub completely rolled or formedaand with both said rolls 5, J in contact with or against the peripheral faces of said piercers or centers E E With the rolls J, J thus positioned, the;.web portion of the work-piece may'lbe reduced or, rolledito its desired thickness in the following manner, forming part of said rolling or forming process or steps illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4:- inclu- 'sive:S a-id rolls J J during the rolling or forming process of the web, may be moved longitudinally or radially with re spect to the work-piece from their posi tions adjacent the hub. portion shown in solid lines in Fig.2 and shownin dotted lines in Fig. 3, to the positions adjacent the portion shown in Fig. 3,- and "during said longitudinal or radial movements of said rolls J, J the web reducing roll portions j of said rolls J, J are also rolling or reducing the thickness of the web portion of the worlr-piece-to its desired thickness and rolling the inner peripheral faces 'of the rim of the, work-piece to the rudimentary form shown and as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and more fully shown and'described in my said original application, and, while simultaneously a ally with respect to the work-piece forward and backward as often as desired while simultaneously with said longitudinal or radial movements of said rolls J J, said face roll K is against or is operating against the pheripheral face of the work-piece and rolls the same to said beaked or rudimentary form, as *for instance shown in Fig. 3 and more fully shown and described in my said original application. While the roll parts 3', j of said rolls J, J are still operating in contact with the lateral or opposite sides of the rim portion, said finishing rolls G G and H shown at the other side of the axis "of the work-piece begin operating against the so rudimentarily formed rim portion and roll with said rolls G G the so rudimemvarily rolled inner pei'ipheral facm of the rim of the the lateral thickness of the rim to which the same has been rolled during the proc 7 see and simultaneously with the operations of said rolls G G and H against the'workpiece, the dishing may be doneto dish the work-piece or wheel while the same is rotating to the form F? shown in Fig. 4; which dishing is done for instance as follows :.-'-'With the work-piece supported on said piercers or centers E E and with its hub or center portion automatically and firmlyclamped laterally or axially between said piercer s'or centersE E and before the dishing g-comlnences, one of' said. worksupporting dreads M, M-with its said axle E and piercer or center E now underconstant and continuous pressure from its pressure cylinder operatlvely connected therewith, as for instance shown and described in my said original application, causes one piercer or center E to press automatically and continuously toward and against the hub or center portion at one side of said work-piece, and the other worlesupporting head M with its said axle E and piercer or center E now under constant and continuous pressure from its pressure cylinder 0peratively connected therewith, as for instance shown and described in my said original application, causes the other piercer or center E to press automatically and continuously toward and against the hub or center portion of said work-piece at the other side of said work-piece. With these parts thus arranged, the dishing may take place while the work-piece is rotating in the following manner :VVhile either, any, or all the driven or all the rolls are in operation, the pressure in the pressure cylinder operatively'connected with one of said supporting heads M, M, with its said axle E and piercer or center E at one side of the work-piece, is gradually somewhat relieved or reduced, retaining therein however, the constantpressure required in said pressure cylinder to retain the aforesaid automatically clamped condition of the hub or center portion of said work-plece lat-' erally or axially between said piercers or centers E E thereby causing the pressure or force from the other cylinder to overcome the resistance of the piston-rod of said cylinder operatively connectedwith said one supporting head M with its axle E and piercer or center E at the other side of the work-piece and gradually moving both said heads M, M with their axles E, E and piercers or centers E E and with the center or hulo portion of the work-piece or car wheel, into the position shown in Fig. 4, in which position the wheel is dished as shown. In this position, if necessary or desired, the rolls may still be in operation for finishing and truing up the wheel to the form or shape F shown in Fig. 4 and also for giving the surfaces of the tread and flange portions of the wheel a harder or more durable wearing surface. Instead of so reducing the constant pressure in one of said pressure cylinders, said dishing of the work-piece or wheel can also be done, while the work-piece is rotating, by increasing the constant pressure in one of said pressure cylinders so as to overcome the constant pressure in the other pressure cylinder. During the dishing or rolling and dishing operation. the rim of the workpiece. wheel or other article is supported by the rolls, as for instance shown in Figs. 3

or -l. and in 6 and 8. After the Wheel.

to be removed, &c., all as fully described in my said original application.

As stated in my said original application, the dishing, undishing or redishing operation while the work-piece is rotating may also be efi ected by retaining said piercing or work-supporting means E E in fixed rotatable positions while the work-piece is so rotatably supported at its center or hub portion and is so laterally or axially clamped by and between said piercers or work-supporting means E E as and in the manner before described, and by moving for instance the rolls J and K in Fig. 5 in a lateral direction, or in a direction parallel to the axis of the workpiece or approximately-so and while the said rolls J, J and K, or at least the rolls 5, J, are kept in contact with the marginal or rim portion of the work-piece. In thus applying my invention for dishing, the marginal or rim portion of the work-piece is moved laterally with re- I spect to its central portion, or, for producing the same effect, both said piercers or centers and said rolls may be moved in opposite directions parallel to the axis of the so supported work-piece while said work-piece at its center or hub portion is so supported and so laterally clamped and while for instance said rolls J J 69 are so kept in contact with the marginal or rim portion of the workpiece.

Undishing and redishing may be done in a simllar manner as the dishing. In undishlng, thedished object is placed on said worksupporting centers and while so supported, as above described, can be moved axially into proper position to suit the rolls, and then undished while the object revolves.

In a dished wheel, the web, that is the part of the wheel between the hub part and the rim part, is in an inclined position, as for instance in a wheel F 2 shown in Figs. 4 and 12, and, in an undished Wheel the web is in a straight position, that is, at right angles with the axis of the wheel, or approximately so, as for instance in the undished finished vwheels F 2 shown in Figs. 13 and 14. The

web is therefore longer in dished position than in undished or straight position, and, the extra length or difierenee between the length of the web of a dished and undished wheel is made up during my s'aid dishing process in the following manner z-lVith reference to Figs. 3 and 4 for instance; Fig. 3 illustrates an ingot, bloom, blank or other work-piece rolled with the rolls J J and K to the undished form or shape F as shown, then with the rolls J still in operation, the said finishing rolls G 3? and E commence operating against said work-piece F, and the dishing may be commenced at the same time and in the manner before described. and when completely rolled and dished, the rolls J, J and G G and H as shown in Fig. 4: may still operate against the work-piece orwheel to its finish and may also continue to operate against the dished work-piece or wheel after the same is rolled and dished, whereby the wheel is made perfectly true, to balance, and to gage or gages and whereby is also given to the surface of the tread and flange portions of the wheel a harder and more durable wearing surface. The said necessary lengthening of the web is performed during the dishing process by rolling out with said rolls for instance G G the metal 7, f near the inner rim part, as indicated by the clearances between the inner rim part of the work-piece or wheel and the web reducing roll parts j, 7' of said rolls J J which metal was left there by said web reducing roll parts j, j of said rolls, for instance J. J as shown, and thereby adding during the rolling and dishing process by my method of dishing or rolling and dishing. sufficient metal to the web part and providing thereby the required metal for said extra length to the web part.

A car wheel or similar article may also be rolled in dished or undished form as and in the manner shown for instance in the Figs. 5 to S inclusive, and more fully shown and described in my said original application; that is to say, for instance, instead of rolling and dishing a car wheel or similar article with use of all the rolls above described, with reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, a car wheel or similar article may also be rolled and dished or be not dished with only the use of the herein named edging and web rolling rolls, for instance J. t and a tread or face rolling roll such as K, as for instance illustrated in Figs. 5 and G and, of which Fig. 5 shows for instance a disk-wheel or center such as for instance used in tired car wheels, rolled as above described or similar thereto, to the undished form F with said rolls J J and K as shown and, Fig. 6 shows said undished disk-wheel rolled and dished with the use of said same rolls J, J 69 and K to the form of the dished diskwheel F shown in Fig. 6 as and in the manner before described or similar thereto, but without said other rolls; or, a car wheel or similar body may be rolled and dished or be rolled and not dished with only the use of the herein named edging and web rolling rolls, for instance J, J and tread or face rolling roll K and the herein named tread or face. finishing roll H, as for instance illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, of which Fig. 7 shows for instance an undished car wheel rolled or partly rolled to the form F with said rolls 1 J, K and with or without said roll H and,.in Fig. 8 said undished car wheel is shown rolled and dished with the rolls J, J, K and H to the form of the in my said ,original application.

dished car wheel F shown in Fig. 8. In said rolling illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, the inner circumferential or inner peripheral faces of the rim may also be rolled or formed sufiiciently inclined as and for the purpose before described, and the peripheral face of the rim portion rolled to any suitable form desired, or rolled directly to desired finished form.

There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes the work-piece to be operated upon may have, as for instance may be observed partly from the Figs. 9, 10 and 11 and as for instance shown and described more fully Fig. 9 shows for instance the center portion only of an ingot, bloom, blank or other workpiece F, and it also shows said piercers or centers, for instance E E in position to be forced into the opposite sides of the \\'orl piece during the piercing or penetrating process to the extent thereof shown by the dotted lines.

Fig. 10 shows the center portion only of a work-piece F formed with a central hole, such for instance as shown, and it also shows said piercers or centers, for instance E E in position ready to be forced into the opposite sides of the work-piece.

In Fig. 11 is shown for instance the center portion only of a blank or work-piece which has previously been provided'with a conical hole, as shown, and which is penetrated or centered by the piercers or centers, for instance E E as indicated by the dotted lines.

Fig. 15 shows in plan view the so finished .rolled car wheel F and Figs. 12, 13 and 1d are diametral sectional views of car wheels rolled or formed similar to the car wheel above described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4, and each is shown with its hub bored and each section is taken on a dotted line as 1212 of a plan View thereof similar to F in Fig. 15, looking in direc tion of the arrows. In Fig. 12 is shown a rolled and dished car wheel completely rolled and dished in accordance with my method. In Fig. 13 is shown a rolled ear wheel completely rolled or formed in accordance with my method and having its web formed during the rolling process in undished position; that is at right angles with the axis of the wheel, the hub of this wheel is not, however, formed central to the web, but it is formed into the position required of a dished wheel; that is, the hub of the wheel shown in Fig, 13 is in the same position as is the hub of the dished wheel in Fig. 12. In Fig. 1% is shown a rolled undished car wheel completely rolled or formed in accordance with -lll V method. the web of this car wheel being rolled or formed. during the rolling process, at right angles ateral is shown with two flat portions, one'bein the flat end portion of the hub proper and the other the 'flat end portion of a flange or extension, which latter may, however, in some cases be omitted. It is clear therefore that when it is desired to roll the fiat end of said flange or extension, the outer end of the roll part i of each of said edging I and web rolling rolls are made longer, for

instance by an extension forming the roll part j at the outer end of the roll part 7' of each of said edging and web rolling rolls, for instance J J herein shown and which roll parts 7', j are adapted to roll and act agalnst the entire opposite end faces of the hub of the work piece, as herein shown and described, and it is to be understood that this extension or roll part 3' may be formed on to the end portion of any of or all the edging and' web rolling rolls shown and described in my said original application filed June 15, 1911, Serial No. 633,343, Patent No. 1,243,050 and in my said application filed October 10, 1916, Serial No. 124,921,

, Patent No. 1,243,051. It will therefore be apparent that when one or both ends of the hub are to be formed without said flange or extension, the outer end of the roll'part will be formed or shaped accordingly,

all of which embodies the principle involved in my said original application.

WVhere in the specification and claims the Words ingot, bloom or blank are used, it is intended to "mean-the work-piece to be operated upon, and the word work-piece is .used herein in a broad sense and is intended to include an ingot, bloom, blank, car wheel or any other unfinished or completely finished circular, or approximately circular object adapted to be rolled, rerolled, reworked or reformed either to entirely change its shape, or only partly change its shape or outline, or to change its dimensions in whole or part, as desired. In other Words workpiece means any circular, or approximately circular object to be operated upon.

Where in the specification and claims the words sufficiently conical or sufficiently inclined are used with reference to said inner rolling or operating portions of the web reducing roll parts 1' j of said edging and web rolling rolls for instance J J or'with reference to the inner peripheral face or faces or to the inner portion of the marginal or rim portion of a work-piece or wheel, or other object, it is intended to mean, the inclination of saidinner rolling or operating portion of said web reducing roll parts 3', f being or to be formed, 810., so as to cause the metal, during the rolling or forming of said rim portion, to flow in the proper directions to assure compression of the metal in said rim portion to uniform or to practically uniform density, asdistinctly illustrated and described in my said original application.

In this application I have illustrated and described the use ofsaid roll parts 9', i formed onto the out-er rolling or operating portions of the web reducing roll parts 3',

9' of said edging and web rolling rolls, for

instance 3' 7'; and have, for instance, illustrated by a few examples processes or steps, such as I prefer to employ for piercing or penetrating or centerlng and completely rollmg or forming the hub portion onto workpieces with said edging and web rolling rolls, for instance, J J and for completely rolling or forming and dishing according to my invention, properly heated workpieces into completely finished rolled car wheels or other similar bodies, in the same apparatus or mill. It may here be stated that each edging and web reducing roll, as for instance J J has two roll portions j and j, serving respectively as a hub-end rolling or-forming portion and a rim-edging portion, and that said two portions are separated by an enlarged rolling portion 3' serving to roll both the peripheral faces of the hub and to reduce and roll the web and to roll or form the inner peripheral faces of the rim of the car wheel. While the means illustrated and described are designed to practically carry out the various steps of my method, it is to be understood that I do not wish to limit myself to the use. of such means, as modifications thereof may still be made and employed and my invention practised thereby without departing from my invention or sacrificing any of the advan: tages thereof. a

The foregoing description and accompanying drawings further fully set forth my invention herein claimed together with portions of an apparatus or mill, such as fully' shown and described in my said original application, for carrying out my IHVeIltion herein claimed, and also illustrate ment of parts may still be made without olewheels or other circular bodies, in an apparatus or mill, from heated ingots, blooms,

parting from my invention, as defined in the claims.

Certain features of my invention herein described are not all claimed herein, but such features not herein claimed are covered by claims within ap lications filed by me and having the herein efore said filing dates, serial numbers and patent numbers.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes may be made without departing from my invention as defined in the claims. a

I claim as my invention l. The method of rolling or forming car wheels from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in subjecting the work-piece to the action of piercing or penetrating and rolling processes which pierce or penetrate the work-plece at its opposite sides forming thereby a rudimentary bore, or a part or parts thereof, and

completely roll and shape the work-piece,

including the opposite end faces of its hub, to the form or shape of the car wheel.

2. The method of rolling or forming car blanks or other work-pieces with one heat and before the finished Wheel or other finished body is removed from said apparatus or mill, which consists in subjecting the work-piece to the action of piercing or penetrating and rolling processes which pierce or penetrate orenter the work-piece at its opposite sides forming a rudimentary bore, or av part or parts thereof, and completely roll or form the work-piece to tl10d$lf9d form or shape of the car wheel or other body including the opposite end faces of its hub.

3. The method of rolling or forming car wheels or other similar circular bodies, in an apparatus or mill, from heated lngots, blooms, blanks 6r other work-pieces, which consists in subjecting the work-piece to the action of piercing or penetrating and rolling and dishing processes which centrally pierce or penetrate the work-piece at ts opposite sides to desired depth or depths and completely roll or shape the work-piece including the end faces of its hub, and dish the same to the desired form or shape of the dished wheel or other dished body.

' 4. The method of rolling or forming car wheels or other similar circular bodles from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other workpieces, while the work-piece is supported in an apparatus or mill, which consists-1h subjecting the supported work-p1eceto the action of rolling and dishing processes which completely roll or shape the work-piece including the entire ends of its hub and then.

dish the same to the desired form or shape ofthe finished dished wheel or other dished body. y

5. The method of rolling heated workpieces having each a central or hub portion and piercing or penetrating the same while rolls rotate the work-piece and act against its central or h'ub portion, which consists in moving or forcing under pressure a pair of alined rotatably mounted and suitably formed work-supporting devices against opposite sides of the work-piece and centrally supportingthe same, in applying rolls against the work-piece and therewith rotating the same and rolling or forming the outer peripheral face or faces and the entire end faces of said central or hub portion, and in piercing .the work-piece with either or both of said work-supporting devices while or before rolling or forming said central or hub portion.

6. The method of rolling or forming a hub on heated work-pieces, which consists in means for centrally and rotatably supporting the work-piece, in applying rolling pressures against the metal at opposite sides of the work-piece, in forcing metal of the work-piece radially inwardly against and around said work-supporting means and laterally against said rolling pressures, and in confining the metal of the hub portion between the peripheral faces of said supporting means and said rolling pressures.

7. Themethod of rolling or forming heated ingots, blooms, carwheel blanks, or other work-pieces into car wheels or similar bodies, which consists in applying rolling pressures or rolling means against all external surfaces of the work-piece and therewith first rolling or forming or shaping the hub including its end faces and adjacent web portion, and in then rolling and forming the remainder of the web portion and the rim portion of the work-piece to desired forms or shapes. l

8. The method of rolling or forming heated work-pieces into car wheels or similar bodies while the workpiece is rotating, which consists in first rolling or forming the central or hub portion of the work-piece as desired including its opposite end faces, and in then rolling and forming the web and the marginal or rim portion of the work-piece to the desired forms or shapes.

9. The method of rolling or formin car wheels" from heated ingots, blooms, b anksor other work-pieces, which consists in centrally supporting a work-piece, inapplying a pair of side rolls to opposite sides of the work-piece to reduce the thickness of the same between its hub or central and marginal portions, and iiirolling both and faces of said hub or centralportion to determine the length which the hub is to have when wheels from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in centra'lly piercing or penetrating a work-piece at one side thereof, in suitably supporting the work-piece at the other side thereof, in applying a laterally and longitudinally movable side roll to the first-mentioned side of the work-piece and rolling the same to reduce the thickness of the work-piece where desired and simultaneously therewith force metal of the work-piece inwardly toward the axis of the workpiece to form a hub, and in rolling the peripheral face and the end face of the hub thus formed by means of said side roll.

11. The method of rolling or forming car wheels from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in centrally piercing or penetrating a work-piece at one side thereof, in suitably supporting the work-piece at the other side thereof, in applying a laterally and longitudinally movable side roll to the first-mentioned slde of the work-piece and rolling the same to reduce the thickness thereof and simultaneously force metal of the work-piece inwardly towardthe axis of thework-piece to form a hub and also limit the outward lateral flow of the metal forming said hub.

12. The method of rolling or forming car wheels from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in applying a pair of alined piercers or centers to opposite sides of the work-piece to cause the same to enter or penetrate the workpiece to desired depth or depths, in applying a pair of opposite side rolls having end extensions provided with straight peripheral faces to opposite sides of the work-piece and reducing the metal between the central and marginal portions thereof, and in rolling said side rolls with their end faces in contact with said piercers or centers directly adjoining the entering or penetrating parts thereof.

1,3. The method of rolling or forming car wheels having hubs from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pleces, which consists in centrally and rotatably supporting a work-piece and in applyingrolls to the exposed portions of the work-plece to roll the same into a finished car wheel having all exterior surfaces completely rolled, including both the entire end faces of the hub thereof.

14. The method of rolling or forming car wheels from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other workpieces, which consists in centrally piercing or penetrating a work-plece otherwise exposed for rolling action, in applying rolls to the exposed portions thereof to form a hub, a web and a rim, and in completely rolling said hub includmg 1ts entire end faces, said web and said mm to finished form.

15. The method of forming a hub on a car wheel or similar object rolled from a heated ingot, bloom, blank or other \vork-piece,

which consists in centrally and rotatably supporting the work-piece, in applying a pair of longitudinally movable side rolls to the opposite sides of the work-piece, in rotating said side rolls and simultaneously therewith moving the same lengthwise to force metal toward the axis of the work-piece to form the hub and with said side rolls roll the peripheral and end faces of the hub.

16. The method of forming a hub on a car wheel or similar object rolled from a heated ingot, bloom, blank or other work-piece, which consists in centrally entering or penetrating the work-piece at one side thereof, in suitably supporting the work-piece at the other side thereof, in applying a eonvexly shaped roll having an end extension provided with a straight peripheral portion, to the first-mentioned side of the work-piece, in rolling said roll into said first-mentioned side of the work-piece and moving the same lengthwise to force metal toward the axis of the work-piece to form the hub and with said end extension limit the outward lateral flow of the metal at the hub and roll the end of the hub thus formed.

17. The method of rolling heated objects into circular form with a hub portion, which consists in applying centers or piercers axially, or substantially so, against the object, j each center or piercer having adjacent its piercing or penetrating part an extension provided with a straight or approximately straight peripheral face whose diameter directly adjoining said piercing orpenetrating part is the same or substantially the same as the diameter of the directly adjoining portion of said piercing or penetrating part, in applying rolling pressures or rolling means laterally against the opposite sides of the object, in applying pressures against the object in radial, or substantially radial lines complementary to said pressures exerted laterally to force metal at opposite sides of the obJect against and around the peripheral faces of the piercing or penetrating parts of said centers or piercers and against said rolling means.

18. The method of rolling heated objects into circular form with a hub portion, which consists in applying a center or piereer axially, or substantially so, against the object,

in applying lateral pressure from a roll against one side of the object at a radial distance from said center or pierCer, and in applying pressure against the object in radial, or substantially radial lines complementary to the pressure exerted laterally, to force metal at said side of the object against and around the peripheral face of said center or piercer and against said roll.

19. The method of rolling or forming the center portion, or huband adjacent web portion of car wheels or other-similar objects having each a web portion formed integral with its said hub, during the rolling or forming of the car wheels or other objects from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in subjecting the work-piece to the piercing or penetrating action of a pair of alined oppositely-arranged piercers or work-supporting centers having each adjacent its piercing or penetrating part an extension provided with a straight or approximately straight peripheral face whose diameter directly adjoining said piercing or penetrating partis the same or substantially the same as the diameter of the directly adjoining portion of said piercing or penetrating part and by means of which piercers or work-supporting centers the work-piece is centrally pierced or penetrated or centered at its opposite sides and supported, in subjecting the work-piece at its opposite sides, either after or during said piercing or penetrating process, to the action of oppositely-arranged rotating edging and web rolling rolls which with their web-rolling portions roll and reduce the thickness of the metal in the web portion of the work-piece adjacent its central or hub portion to desired thickness of the web-and roll or form the outer peripheral faces of the hub and which with their straight peripheral faced extensions operate against the end faces of the hub while simultaneously with or during part of this process the outer end faces of said straight peripheral faced extensions of said edging and web rolling rolls are brought and retained during said hub forming process in contact with or against the peripheral faces of the extensions of said piercers or centers and thus form said hub and adjacent web portion.

20. The method of rolling or forming the center portion, or hub and adjacent web portion of car wheels or other similar objects having each a web portion formed integral with its said hub, during the rolling or forming of the car wheels or other objects from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other workpieces having each a thickness which is less than the length which the hub of the wheel or other object is to have when finished, which consists in subjecting the work-piece to the piercing or penetrating or centering action of a 'pair of alined oppositely-arranged piercers or work-supporting centers to centrally pierce or penetrate or center the work-piece at its opposite sides to desired depth or depths and support the same, said piercers or centers being each provided adjacent its piercing or penetrating part with an extension having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face and a diameter adjacent its said piercing or penetrating part which is the same or substantially the same as the adjacent diameter of its said piercing or penetrating part, in subjecting the work-piece at its opposite sides, either after or during said piercing or penetrating process, to the action of oppositely-arranged rotating edging and web rolling rolls having web rolling portions and straight peripheral faced roll parts adjacent said web rolling portions and which web rolling portions roll and reduce the thickness of'the metal in the web portion of the work-piece adjacent its central or hub portion to desired thickness of the web andcause metal to flow from the rolled region adjacent the hub portion outwardand between said piercers or centers and the web rolling portions of said edging and web rolling rolls to make up the length of the hub, and in limiting the outward flow of metal with said straight peripheral faced roll parts and thus form said hub and adjacent web portion.

21. The method of rolling heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces into objects having each a hub portion, a rim portion and a web connecting said hub and rim portions, which consists in supporting the work-piece centrally on rotatable centers or supporting means and rolling the same in the following manner: first,in applying against opposite sides of the workpiece at one side of its axis, or at one side of its center portion, a pair of laterally and longitudinally movable and laterally oppositely-arranged edging and web rolls having each a web reducing roll part serving also as a hub rolling or hub forming part i and an inner rim rolling part, and an edging roll part; in moving said rolls longi tudinally, that is, radially or approximately radially with respect to the work-piece, alternately toward the hub portion and toward the peripheral or rim portion of the work-piece or forward and backward as often as desired to reduce the thickness of the metal in the web portion of the work piece and to cause metal to flow alternately toward the hub portion and toward the rim portion of the work-piece; in confining the metal in its lateral flow in the hub portion and in the rim portion of the work-piece with said edging and web rolling rolls; and in applying a peripheral face roll against the peripheral face of the work-piece between said edging and Web rolls to coact with the latter and roll a rudimentary rim and adjacent web portion; and second,'in applying a pair of oppositely-arranged side or finishing rolls to opposite sides of the work-piece at another side of its axis or of its center portion and moving the same toward and against said so rudimentarily formed rim portion; in applying a peripheral face shaping or face finishing roll between said side or finishing rolls against each about the volume or weight of the finished rolled car wheel or other finished rolled object, which consists in centrally piercing or penetrating or centering and rotatably supportingthe work-piece, in applying oppositely-arran ed laterally and longitudinally movableiro ls laterally against opposite sides of the work-piece'and moving said rolls in radial or in practically radial lines with respect to the Work-piece, forward or backward, or forward and backward as often as desired to cause metal to flow in the directions of said movements and roll or form the web and alternately the hub and rim, in simultaneously with or during said action of said rolls causing a face roll positioned between said rolls to act against the peripheral face of the work-piece and roll the same to desired shape or form and also limit the radial flow of metal toward the periphery of the work-piece, and in limiting the lateral flow of metal in said hub and rim with .said first-mentioned rolls.

23. The method of rolling or forming car Wheels or other circular objects from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces having each about the volume or weight of the finished rolled carwheel or other finished rolled object is to be but being larger in diameter than the finished rolled car wheel.

or other finished rolled object is to be, which consists in applying piercers or centers axially against opposite sides of the workpiece for centrally piercing or penetrating or centering and rotatably supporting the work-piece, each piercer or center having adj acent its piercing or penetrating part an extension provided with a straight or approximately straight peripheral face whose diameter directly adjoining said piercing or penetrating part is the same or substantially the same-as the diameter of the directly adjoining portion of said piercing or pene-. crating part, in applying oppositely-arranged laterally and longitudinally movable edging and web rolling rolls against opposite sides of the work-piece and moving said rolls longitudinally, that is, inradi al lines with, respect to the work-piece, ,or substantially so, forward or backward, or forward and backward as often as desired to cause metal to flow in the directions of such movements to form the Web and alternately the hub and the inner circumferential face or faces of the rim, in simultaneously with or during the action of said edging and web said edging and web rolls to act against-the peripheral face of the work-piece and to gether with said edging and web rolls roll or work the metal in the rim and adjacent Web portion of the work-piece simultaneously'upon all its surfaces situated in planes passin laterally through the'work piece at one si e of its axis or at one side of its hub or center portion and cause metal to be forced alternately toward the inner region of the rim and toward the axis of the workpiece and against and around the peripheral faces of said piercers or centers and against said edging and web rolls simultaneously with rolling the work-piece to desired diameter.

24. The method of rolling orforming car wheelsbr other circular bodies from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces rolled object but being smaller in diameter than the finished rolled wheel or other finished rolled object is to, be, which consists in applying piercers or centers axially against opposite sides of. the work-piece for centrally piercing or penetrating or centering and rotatably supporting the work-piece,

each piercer or center having adjacent its piercing or penetrating part an extension provided with a straight or approximately straight face and whose diameter at the portion directly adjoining said piercing or penetrating part is the same or substantially the same as the diameter of the directly adjoining portion of said-piercing or penetrating part, in applying oppositely-arranged laterally and longitudinally movable edging and web rolling rolls against opposite sides of the work-piece and forcing or rolling said rolls laterally into the sides of the work-piece and also moving said rolls longitudinally or approximately so, that is.

inradial lines with respect to the work piece or substantially so, forward or backward, or forward and backwardas often as desired to cause metal to flow in the directions of said movements and form the web and alternately the hub and the inner circumferential face or faces of the rim and also roll the-opposite sides or ends of the hub and the opposite sides of the marginal or rim portion, or limit the lateral flow of -metal in the hub and in the marginal or peripheral portion of the work-piece, thereby causmg the desired amount of metal to flow toward the periphery of the work-piece to enlarge its diameter, and simultaneously 'w1th or during the action of saidfedging and web rolling rolls causing a face rolling roll positioned between said edging and web rolling. mus to act against the peripheral face of the work-piece and together with sald edging and web rolling rolls roll the rim of the work-piece to desired form or shape and to desired diameter.

25'. The method of piercing and rolling heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other workpieces into the form of wheelsor other circular objects having each a hub, a web and rim, which consists in centrally piercing or penetrating the work-piece, in applying laterally and longitudinally movable and oppositely-arranged rolls against opposite sides of the workpiece and moving said rolls longitudinally or approximately so forward and backward, that is, in radial lines with respect to the work-piece, or substantially so, to cause metal to flow in the directions of such movements to form the hub, the web and the inner circumferential face or faces of the rim, in limiting the lateral flow of the metal in the hub and rim portions by means of said rolls, in limiting the flow of the metal toward the periphery,iand in rolling the peripheral face of the work-piece to desired form.

26. The method of rolling or shaping heated car wheel blanks or other work-pieces into car wheels or circular bodies having each a hub portion, a rim or flanged rim portion and a web connecting said hub and rim portion, which consists in rotatably supporting the work-piece, in applying a pair of laterallyand longitudinally movable oppositely-arranged rotating side rolls against opposite sides of the work-piece and operating them to roll or form or shape the hub as desired including its outer or oppo- 1 site end faces, the web to desired thickness, the inner circumferential face or faces of the rim to desired form or shape, and the lateral thickness of the rim to desired thick ness, in simultaneously with or during the action of said side rolls causing a face beaking or face roughing roll positioned between said -side rolls to act against the peripheral face of the work-piece and together with said side rolls so roll said inner circumferential face ,or faces and said lateral thickness of the rim of the work-piece and roll its peripheral face to completely beaked or rudimentary form, and in then applying a peripheral face finishing roll against said so completely beaked or rudimentarily formed peripheral face and rolling said face to the desired shape of a flanged tread or to any other desired suitable shape.

27. The method of rolling or forming car wheels or other circular objects having each a hub portion, a rim or flanged rim portion and a web connecting said hub and rim portions from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces having each athick ness which is less than the length of the hub in the finished rolled wheel or other finished rolled object is to be, which consists in axially moving and forcing under power or pressure 'a pair of alined and rotatably neously with or during said action of the mounted and axially independently movable v piercers or work-supporting members against the work-piece at opposite sides thereof soas to support the workpieceduring the hub rolling or hub forming process, in applying against opposite sides of the work-piece at a proper radial distance or distances from the axis thereof laterally and lengthwise movable oppositely-arranged rotating side rolls provided with straight or :approximately straight peripheral faced extensions and arranged with their axes inclined or parallel to the sides of the work-piece, said straight or approximately straight peripheral faced extensions being adapted to operate upon the opposite end faces of said hub, in forcing or rollin said side rolls laterally into the sides 0 the work-piece, and moving said rolls lengthwise or radially or substantially radially with respect to the work-piece in a, direction toward th axis of the work-piece while rotating the workpiece, in applying piercing or penetrating pressure at the same time to said piercing or work-supporting members so'as to pierce or penetrate or center the work-piece and firmly support the same during the further operating process, said rolling, and piercing process causing metal from said rolled and pierced portions of the workpiece to flow outward laterally between and around the peripheral faces of said work-supporting. members and said side rolls and against the straight peripheral faced extensions of said side rolls and thus roll or form the hub to desired form or shape and to desired length,

in moving said side rolls radiall with respect to the work-piece towardt e peripheral portion of the work-piece, 1n simultaside rolls causing a tread or face shaping roll positioned between said side'rolls to act against the peripheral face of the workpiece and together with the side rolls roll said rim portion of the work-piece to desired form or shape.

28. The method of rolling or forming car.

ire

wheels or other circular bodies from heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in subjectingthe work-piece 111%: to the action of oppositely-arranged piercers or work-supporting centers having each adjacent its piercing or penetrating part an extension provided with a straight or ap proximately straight peripheral face whose 123a diameter directly adjoining said piercing or penetrating part is the same or'substantially the same as the diameter of the directly ad joining portion of said piercing or penetrating part and which piercers or centers 12 5i centrally pierce or penetrate the fWOIkjJlBCB at its opposite sides to form the rudimen- 'tary bore, 'or a part or parts thereof of predetermined depth or depths and also support the same, in applying oppositely-ar- 1305- I ranged laterally and longitudinally movable side rolls laterally to opposite sides of the work-piece to rotate and to reduce the metal in the work-piece at the points of, contact of said side rolls, in moving said side rolls lengthwise, or radially with respect to the work-piece, in either direction, or alternately in both directions to cause metal to flow toward the central portion of the work-piece to form and roll the peripheral faces of the hub and then toward the peripheral portion of the work-piece to form and roll the in ner peripheral faces of the rim portion, in limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the center or hub portion and in the marginal or rim portion of the work-piece with said side rolls, and in applying rolling pressure to the peripheral face of the work-piece to roll the same to desired form or shape.

29. The method of rollin heated ingots, blooms, blanks or other 'worh-pieces-into ob jects having each a hub portion, a rim portionand a web connecting said hub and rim portions, which consists in supporting the work-piece centrally on rotatable centers or supporting means in a fixed central po sition, in applying laterally against opposlte sides-of the work-piece a .pair of oppositelyarranged laterally and longitudinally movable edging and web rolls having their axes parallel or inclined to the sides of the workpiece and being provided with web reducing roll parts adapted to operate against opposite sides of the web'portion, the peripheral and the end. faces-of the hub and the inner peripheral faces of the rim of the work-piece, and with edging roll parts, in

moving said edging and web rolls longitudinally or approximately so, that is, radially or approximately radially with respect to the work-piece, alternately toward the hub portion and toward the peripheral portion of the work-piece to cause the web reducing roll parts of said rolls to reduce the thickness of the web portion of the work-piece to form the web and to causemetal to flow toward the axis of the work-piece to form the hub and roll the peripheral and the. end faces of the hub and, toward the periphery of the work-piece to form the rim portion,

in limiting with the edging roll parts-of said edging and web rolls the lateral flow of metal in the portion of the work-piece between the web reducing roll parts of said edging and web rolls and the periphery of the work-piece and operating upon the opposite sides of said portion ofthe workpiece, in applying a peripheral face roll be tween saidedging and web rolls to coact with the latter to completely shape the rim and peripheral face of the work-piece to desired form.

30. The method ofrolling car wheels or other circular bodies from heated ingots,

blooms, blanks or other work-pieces, which consists in moving and forcing a pair of alined and rotatably mounted piercers or work-supporting members against or into the opposite sides of the workpiece to centrally pierce or penetrate or center the work-' piece and also to support the same during the rolling or operating process, in applying a pair of oppositely-arranged laterally and longitudinally movable roughing rolls laterally against opposite sides of the workpiece and operate them so as to roll or form the web and hub portions including the end faces of the hub portion as desired and the inner circumferential face or faces of the rim portion to rudimentary forms or shapes, in simultaneously with or during the action of said roughing rolls causing a face beak-. ing or face roughing roll positioned between said roughing rolls to act against the peripheral face of the work-piece to roll said face to completely beaked or rudimentary shape, and in then applying a pair of oppositely arranged finishing rolls to opposite sides of the work-piece to roll. the so rirdimentarily shaped inner circumferential face or faces of the rim to finished forms or shapes and a peripheral face finishing roll against the axles having piercers or work-supporting centers at adjacent ends adapted to pierce or penetrate and support the work-piece while rolled or openated upon and also assist in forming the hub portion of said work-piece,

said piercers or centers being suitably formed and being each provided adjacent its piercing orpenetrating part with an extension having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face, the piercing or penetrating part and the extension of each piercer or center being of the same or substantially the same diameter at their meeting line.

32. In an apparatus ormili forrolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for piercing or penetrating and rotatably supporting a work-piece and assist in forming or rolling the hub portion of the workpiec supporting center being of the same or substantially the same diameter .34. In an apparatus or null for rolling car Wheels or other circular bodies, means for centrally supporting a work-piece during the process-of rolling or forminga hub portion thereon; said means comprising a pair of alined piercers or work-supporting centers and each piercer or work-supporting center being provided adjacent its piercing or penetrating part with an extension having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face. the adjoining portions of the piercing or centering part and the extension of each piercer or work-supporting center being of the same Or substantially the 1 same diameter. 1

35. In an apparatus or mill for. rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for centrally supporting a work-piece and means for limiting the lateral outward end flow of metal at the center or hub portion of the work-piece during the process of forming or shaping said hub portion, said means comprising a pair of alined piercers or work-supporting centers provided each adjacent its piercing or centering part withan extension'having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face, the ad oining portions of the piercing or centeringpart and the extension of each piercer or work-supporting center being or" the same or substantially the same diameter, and a pair of laterally and longitudinally movable oppositely-arranged rotating side rolls adapted to' act against opposite sides of the workpiece, each of said side rolls having a portion thereof adapted for limiting the said lateral or outward end flow of metal at the opposite ends of the hub during the hub forming or hub rolling process.

36. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for centrally piercing or penetrating and rotatably supporting a work-piece comprising a pair of alined rotatable axles having piercers or work-supporting centers at adjacent ends, the piercing or penetrating or supporting part of each of said piercers or centers being formed tapered and the part adjacent its' said piercing or penetrating or supporting part having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face, the adjoining portions of the piercing or penetrating or supporting'part and the part adjacent thereto being of the same or'substantially the same diameter.

37. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, the combination of means for centrally piercing or penetrating and supporting a work-piece having piercers provided each with an extension having a straight or approximately straight peripheral face, a pair of oppositely-arranged edging and Web reducing rollsadapted to work against opposite sides of the work-piece in a direction from its peripheral portion toward its axis to reduce the thickness of the same within a certain circular region between its peripheral portion and its center or hub portion and thereby cause the metal to flow toward the axis or hub portion of the work-piece and later ally against the said rolls.

38. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, the combination of means for centrally piercing or penetrating and supporting a workpiece of the work-piece within a certain circular region between its marginal or peripheral portion and its center or hub portion and thereby cause the metal to flow toward the axis or hub portion of the work-piece and laterally against said roll.

39. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, rolling means. for rolling or forming a hub on a Work-piece and limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the opposite ends of said hub during the rolling or forming of said hub, and a pair of axially movable devices at opposite sides of the work-piece for centrally supporting the Work-piece during the process of rolling or forming said hub.

&0. In an. apparatus orsmill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for rolling or forming a hub on opposite sides of a Work-piece and limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the opposite ends of said hub during the rolling or forming of said hub, and a pair of members adapted to centrally engage the work-piece at opposite sides thereof.

i1. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car Wheels or other circular bodies, rolling means for rolling or forming a hub on a work-piece and limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the opposite ends of said.

llti

20 said one side of the wor 25 on opposite sides of a straight peripheral faced portion toassist in forming the hub portion of the Workpiece when rolling or forming said hub.

42. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, rolling means for rolling or forming a hub on a supported work-piece and limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the end of said hub at one side of the work-piece when rolling or forming said hub, and a pair of supporting members engaging opposite sides of the work-piece at its center or hub portion and supporting the same, one of said members having a straight peripheral faced portion to assist in formingthe hub portion at -piece. when rolling or for ing said hub.

i n apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, comprising rolling means for rolling-or forming a hub centrally supported work-piece and limiting the lateral outward flow of metal in the opposite ends of said hub duringthe rolling) or forming said hub,

said rolling means eing adapted-to be moved or operated laterally and also longitudinally.

, 44. An apparatus or mill for wheels or other circular bodies, a pair of members adapted to centrally engage the work-piece at opposite sides thereof and support the same, rolling means adapted for rolling or forming a hub on one side of said so supported work-piece and for limits ing the lateral outward flow of metal in the rolled or formed end of said hub when rollmg or forming said hub.

45. In an apparatus or mill wheels or othler circular bodies, rolling means for forming or rolling a hub on the opposite sides of a supported work-piece, and a pair of supporting members adapted to .centrally engage opposite sides or ends of the workpiece and support the same, each of said 0 members having adjacent its supporting or engaging portion a straight peripheral faced portion adapted to assist in forming said hu'b. j

46. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, a pair of oppositely arranged side rolls adapted to work against opposite sides of the Workpiece and being axially movable to travel toward and away from the axis or center portion of the work-piece, said pair of side rolls being also adapted to operate against the opposite ends of the center or hub portion when rolling or forming said hub portion.

47. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car rolling car comprising for rolling car Wheels or other circular bodies, means for bined with mechanism for completely rolling thework-piece to finished form on all its exposed surfaces including both end faces'of its hub.

4 8. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car Wheels or other circular bodies, means for centrally piercing or penetrating and rotatably supporting a work-piece,- and means for rolling opposite side. faces of the workpiece at all points between the piercing or penetrating parts of said piercing or penetrating means and the peripheral edge of the workpiece. 49. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for centrally piercing or penetrating and rotatably supporting a work-piece, means for rolling opposite side faces of t e work-piece to desired format all points between the piercing or penetrating parts of said pier ing or penetrating means and the peripheral edge of the wor desired form.

50. In an apparatus or mill for rolling car wheels or other circular bodies, means for rolling a hub portion, a web portion and a rim portion .on the work-piece, said means comprising a single rolling element having a hub-end rolling part, a rim-edging part, and a web reducing or web rolling part intermediate said' hub-end rolling part and rim-edging part, said web reducing or web rolling part serving also to roll alternately the peripheral surfaces of said hub portion and the inner peripheral surface of said rim portion.

51. In rolling mechanism, also longitudinally movable adapted to be applied to the piece to reduce and roll the work-piece for rolling or forming a web portion and a hub a laterally and rolling member portion thereon and having an extension at its outer end adapted to roll the end face of said hub portion. a

52. In rolling mechanism, also longitudinally movable driven edging and web rolling roll having two straight peripheral faced portions and an enlarged convex portion intermediate said straight peripheral faced portions and mrlelans for positively driving or rotating said r0 53. In rolling mechanism, a laterally and also longitudinally movable edging and web rolling roll for rolling theside ofa car wheel toform a hub, a web and a rim thereon, said roll having two straight peripheral faced portions and an enlarged intermediate portion adapted to reduce the thickness of a laterally and -piece, and'means for roll- .ing the peripheral faceof the work-piece to and positively side of a workthe work-piece to form said Web and hub, 

